十月你好，九月再见～

In his own lifetime Galileo was the centre of violent controversy;伽俐略在世时是激烈论战的中心
but the scientific dust has long since settled.但自他逝世以来，那场科学上的纷争早已平息下来
and today we can see even his famous clash with the Inquisition in something like its proper perspective.甚至他和宗教法庭的著名冲突，我们今天也能如实正确的看待
But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.但相比之下，对史学家来说，伽俐略只是在现代才变成一个难题。

令人高兴的是，过去对伽俐略的看法并不复杂。The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated.
他首先是个实验工作者，他蔑视亚里士多德学派的偏见和空洞的书本知识。他向自然界而不是向古人提问，并大胆得出自己的结论。He was, above all,a man who experimented: who despised prejudices and book learning of the Aristotelians ; who put his questions to nature instead of to the ancients, and who drew his conclusions fearlessly.

他是第一个把望远镜对准天空的人，观察到的证据足以把……和……一起推翻。He had been the first to turn a telescope to the sky, and he had seen there enough evidence to overthrow Aristotle and Ptolemy together.
他就是那个曾经爬上比萨斜塔，从塔顶抛掷各种重物的人；he was the man who climbed the Learning Tower of Pisa, and dropped various weights from the top ，
他就是那个让球体沿斜面向下滚动，然后将多次实验结果概括成著名自由落体定律的人。who rolled the ball down the inclined plane, and generalized the results of his many experiments into the famous law of free fall.
但对那个时代的深化了解，尤其以对科技革命中对哲学潜流的新意识为依据，进一步仔细研究，就会极大改变对伽俐略的看法。But, a closer study of the evidence, supported by a deeper sense of the period, and particularly by a new consciousness of the philosophical undercurrents in the scientific revolution, has profoundly modified the view of Galileo.
今天虽然已故的伽俐略继续活在许多通俗读物中，但在科学史家中间，一个新的更加复杂的伽俐略的形象出现了。Today although the old Galileo lives on in many popular writings, among historians of science, a new and more sophisticated picture has emerged.

At the same time our sympathy for Galileo's opponents has grown somewhat.与此同时我们对伽俐略的反对派的同情也有所增加。

Was the philosopher who ……more culpable than those who ……？难道……的哲学家比……应受到更严厉的谴责吗？